Section E: Node Architecture
This section delves into the foundational structure and functionalities of the nodes that power the L1X blockchain network to ensure decentralized consensus and maintain integrity.
The signed transactions are sent to Concierge Node. which filters transactions based on Transaction Type and Account.
The Concierge Node also verifies the transaction authenticity and sends the transaction to the Transaction Execution Node’s mempool.
The Transaction Execution Nodes listen to the event_struct from the Event Listener Nodes.
The Event Listener Node validates the event and sends the confirmation to the Transaction Execution Nodes.
After receiving confirmation from the Event Listener Nodes, the Transaction Execution Nodes processes the transactions based on pre-defined rules.
The Transaction Execution Node sends the object/payload to the Sign and Broadcasting Nodes.
The Broadcasting Nodes signs and then sends the payload to the destination chain.
The Event Listener Node updates its state on the destination chain response and passes the transaction deployment result to the Transaction Execution Nodes.
The Transaction Execution Node then confirms and adds the transaction to the block.
Types of Nodes
In the L1X blockchain network, there are various types of nodes, each serving specific roles to ensure the network's proper functioning.
Event Listener Nodes (ELN)
The Event Listener Nodes monitor the blockchain for incoming events and data from other blockchain networks. They are actively involved in validating the events received. They also act as passive observers, detecting and recording changes to the blockchain, such as new transactions, smart contract interactions, or state updates, initiated by other blockchain networks.
Transaction Execution Nodes / Full Validator Nodes(FVN)
Transaction and Execution nodes are also known as Full Validator Nodes. These nodes are responsible for validating and executing transactions on the L1X blockchain. These nodes check the transaction's validity, confirm the availability of sufficient funds, and ensure compliance with the network's consensus rules.
Signing and Broadcasting Nodes (SBN)
Signing and Broadcasting Nodes are involved in the process of interoperability by securely signing and broadcasting transactions to target blockchain networks. They ensure data integrity and authenticity, as the signature acts as cryptographic proof that the transaction originates from a legitimate source. They broadcast the signed transaction across the respective networks, allowing the destination chain to receive and verify the transaction.
Consensus Mechanism
The L1X blockchain utilizes Proof of X (PoX), to achieve consensus among decentralized nodes regarding transaction validity and chronological order. This innovative approach incentivizes both active participation and stakeholding, striking a balance between the interests of users and stakeholders. It represents a forward-thinking and dynamic method of consensus building within the L1X network.
The full nodes within the L1X blockchain play a critical role in consensus by holding and staking L1X coins. By staking their tokens, these nodes demonstrate their commitment to the network and earn the right to validate transactions and propose new blocks. This stakeholding mechanism ensures that participants with a vested interest in the network have influence over the consensus process.
The design principles of the L1X blockchain, coupled with the PoX consensus mechanism, offer several advantages. Firstly, it incentivizes active participation from both mobile devices and full nodes, fostering a more inclusive and diverse network. Secondly, it balances the interests of users and stakeholders, promoting fairness and transparency in consensus building. Lastly, this dynamic approach allows for adaptability and scalability as the network grows, ensuring its long-term viability and effectiveness.
PoX Consensus Metrics
In the quest for achieving consensus and decentralization, the participation of network participants holds the utmost importance. Trust in the L1X blockchain network and the availability of trusted participants are crucial factors that drive the success and sustainability of the blockchain ecosystem. To address this, a mechanism that efficiently considers both old and new participants in the PoX consensus is proposed. By incorporating metrics such as StakeScore, KinScore, and XScore, we aim to evaluate participants' stake holdings, active involvement, and adherence to security measures. These metrics play a vital role in achieving consensus, promoting decentralization, and ensuring the integrity and security of the network. In the subsequent sections, we will delve into the significance of each metric, highlighting their importance in maintaining a robust and reliable PoX consensus mechanism.
StakeScore
This is a measure of a node's commitment to the network, based on the amount of L1X coins they have staked, the length of time they have been staking, and the length of time they have agreed to lock up their coins. A high StakeScore indicates that a node is more likely to behave honestly, as they have more to lose if they are caught cheating.
KinScore
This is a measure of a node's reliability and trustworthiness, based on their uptime, participation history, response time, and security measures. A high KinScore indicates that a node is more likely to be able to participate in the consensus process reliably and without disruption.
XScore
This is a combined measure of StakeScore and KinScore, which is used to determine which nodes are eligible to participate in the PoX consensus. A higher XScore indicates that a node is more likely to be a reliable and trustworthy participant in the consensus process.
The PoX consensus metrics are designed to achieve consensus and decentralization by rewarding nodes that are committed to the network, reliable, and trustworthy. By ensuring that the network is sufficiently decentralized, the PoX consensus helps to protect the network from attack and ensure that it is fair and transparent.
PoX Consensus Process
XScore, StakeScore, and KinScore are integral components of the sophisticated block proposer selection process in the L1X blockchain ecosystem.
To calculate XScore, the process considers all nodes that have staked a minimum balance and are actively available within the network. These nodes undergo evaluation to determine their XScore, which subsequently plays a significant role in determining their eligibility for the next epoch of the consensus process. Nodes with an XScore exceeding the defined XScore Threshold (that varies based on network dynamics) are deemed eligible for participation.
To ensure data privacy and security, homomorphic encryption is applied to XScore. This cryptographic technique enables computations to be performed on encrypted data without compromising its confidentiality. By leveraging homomorphic encryption, the privacy of XScore calculations is preserved, allowing for a secure evaluation process.
Furthermore, a randomized algorithm is applied to the homomorphically encrypted XScores. This algorithm introduces an element of randomness in the selection of the block proposer. By employing a randomized approach, the consensus protocol mitigates potential biases and ensures a fair and decentralized block proposer selection process.
Overall, the intricate interplay between XScore, StakeScore, KinScore, homomorphic encryption, and randomized algorithms forms a robust framework that enables accurate evaluation, privacy preservation, and fair selection within the L1X blockchain network. The randomness injected into the selection process prevents any undue advantage or bias towards specific nodes, fostering a level playing field for all participants. Furthermore, the use of homomorphic encryption ensures that the privacy of the nodes is preserved, enhancing the overall security posture of the L1X blockchain.
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